Passive Voice
The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. In other words, the most important thing or person becomes the subject of the sentence.
Examples
Sometimes we use the passive voice because we don't know or do not want to express who performed the action.
Examples
The passive voice is often used in formal texts. Switching to the active voice will make your writing clearer and easier to read.
| Passive | Active |
|---|---|
| A great deal of meaning is conveyed by a few well-chosen words. | A few well-chosen words convey a great deal of meaning. |
| Our planet is wrapped in a mass of gases. | A mass of gases wrap around our planet. |
| Waste materials are disposed of in a variety of ways. | The city disposes of waste materials in a variety of ways. |
If we want to say who or what performs the action while using the passive voice, we use the preposition by. When we know who performed the action and are interested in him, it is always better to switch to the active voice instead.
| Passive | Active |
|---|---|
| "A Hard Day's Night" was written by the Beatles. | The Beatles wrote "A Hard Day's Night". |
| The movie ET was directed by Spielberg. | Spielberg directed the movie ET. |
| This house was built by my father. | My father built this house. |
Forming the Passive voice
The passive voice in English is composed of two elements:
the appropriate form of the verb 'to be' + past participle
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | Negative interrogative |
|---|---|---|---|
| The house was built in 1899. | The house wasn't built in 1899. | Was the house built in 1899? | Wasn't the house built in 1899? |
| These houses were built in 1899. | These houses weren't built in 1899. | Were these houses built in 1899? | Weren't these houses built in 1899? |
To clean, passive voice
| Subject | + to be (conjugated) | + past participle | + rest of sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple present | |||
| The house | is | cleaned | every day. |
| Present continuous | |||
| The house | is being | cleaned | at the moment. |
| Simple past | |||
| The house | was | cleaned | yesterday. |
| Past continuous | |||
| The house | was being | cleaned | last week. |
| Present perfect | |||
| The house | has been | cleaned | since you left. |
| Past perfect | |||
| The house | had been | cleaned | before they arrived. |
| Future | |||
| The house | will be | cleaned | next week. |
| Future continuous | |||
| The house | will be being | cleaned | tomorrow |
| Present conditional | |||
| The house | would be | cleaned | f they had visitors. |
| Past conditional | |||
| The house | would have been | cleaned | if it had been dirty. |
| Inifinitive | |||
| The house | would have been | cleaned | before we arrive. |
Passive voice with infinitives
The infinitive passive voice is used after modal verbs and other most verbs normally followed by an infinitive.
Examples
Passive voice with gerunds
Gerunds are used after prepositions and verbs normally followed by a gerund.
Examples
Using "to be born"
"To be born" is a passive form and is most commonly used in the past tense. However, in some cases, the present or future tense is appropriate..
Examples